How to Understand Abstract Art

When I paint, I am not attempting to capture theright, and the top to the bottom, you may have
likeness of a landscape or figure. My subject is thebalance, but you lose interest.
painting itself. In spite of this, some viewersGetting the composition right, or balancing the
immediately try to pin down an image they canelements of color, line and shape while maintaining
name in my art. Not that seeing things in abstracta dynamic tension, is a major preoccupation of
paintings is a crime, even if the artist didn't putthe painter. If you add a blue brushstroke to the
them there. But you miss an opportunity to seebottom left-hand corner, for example, you may
more if you spend all your energy trying to turnhave to change something in the top right-hand
the painting into something you can name, like acorner because of it. You can't concentrate on
figure or flower or landscape.one section at a time, ignoring the rest of the
What do you actually see when you look at thecanvas, and expect to end up with a composition
painting? Color, shape, line and texture are thethat works.
physical elements that combine to make up theEnergy is the life force that is present in all good
image. A selection of dark, heavy shapes mayart. This is not something that is easily defined,
impress you as somber; light, airy images asbut it is the opposite state of static flatness. It is
mystical; balanced, and temperate forms asthis energy that makes a painting speak to you,
peaceful. Shape, color and form have meaning inand makes an artist's work original and identifiable
and of themselves. We react emotionally to theseas the work of that artist. Energy is created out
elements even if they create no recognizableof the artist's materials and tools, but the end is
object for us to hang onto. Thus, a painting ofmore than the means in the same sense that a
ragged, angular forms in deep reds will evoke anmusical composition is so much more than a
entirely different feeling from one in soft curvescollection of notes.
of yellow and white.The next time you look at an abstract or
The handling of space, or the illusion of space, is"modern" painting, don't begin by searching for
another element in the artist's toolbox. Are yousome identifiable object from your world. Instead,
drawn into a world of three-dimensional spacetry to enter the world the artist created. Relax
stretching beyond the framework of the painting,and let your eye leisurely wander over the
as you might be in a landscape? Or are you keptpainting's surface. Let your heart and mind react
visually taut, as a skater on a pond, skimmingto its colors, shapes, and textures. Let yourself
across a two-dimensional surface? The impressionbe drawn into the illusion of its spaces, the action
of depth, perspective, airiness, solidity, and otherof its lines, and the mood of its atmosphere.
spatial relations are created and controlled by theStep back and look at the painting from a
artist.distance. What is its impact as you approach it?
The overall composition or design of a painting isMove up close and explore the intricacies of
what guides the viewer's eye. Have you everbrushstrokes, paint thicknesses and compositional
looked at a painting or photograph and felt it wasdetails. See how the parts are woven together to
off balance? One of the big differences betweenform the whole.
amateur snapshots and professional photographsGive the painting time. No artwork can be
is the quality of the composition. In an amateurunderstood and appreciated in a ten second
photo, perhaps all the action is centered on theglance. Good art should grow on you, becoming
left, with nothing but empty space on the right.more interesting and more enjoyable to look at
The lopsidedness gives you a sense of unease.as you live with it.
(Of course an artist may use this uneaseYou may still see things in abstract paintings,
deliberately as well.)finding birds and trees and animals hidden in the
Composition is one of the fundamental tools anforms. This is as natural as turning clouds into
art student is taught. The goal is to have arecognizable shapes. But by opening your eyes to
balance of visual elements without making thethe possibilities of the world the artist created,
weight so balanced that the art becomes boring.you may see more than you ever expected to
If everything on the left is exactly equal to thesee in abstract art.